采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)方法对6个群体30丛撑篙竹个体进行了遗传变异的研究。28个随机引物共检测到173个位点,其中85个是多态位点,平均每个引物提供6.18个RAPD信息量,扩增出的DNA片段大小一般在200～2000bp范围之间;用POPGENE1 31版软件进行遗传多样性分析:平均Nei's基因多样性为0.2114,Shannon's信息指数为0 3277,基因分化系数0.1853,表明群体间有一定的分化;各群体平均遗传距离0.0350,表明群体亲缘关系较近;试用UPGMA方法对不同产地的撑篙竹群体作聚类分析,初步可将6个群体聚为3类。

提取纯度高、完整性好、不含DNA或其它杂质 的总RNA是进行Northern杂交、cDNA合成、cDNA 文库构建、RT-PCR及mRNA差异显示等分子生物 学研究的基础。目前提取植物RNA方法有多种,这 些方法设计旨在RNA提取过程中清除多糖、多酚等 杂质污染。在提取高质量RNA的过程中,植物尤其 木本植物通常含有大量的酚类、多糖和其他一些水 溶性化合物与RNA共沉淀,影响了RNA功能。

从北美东部引进红花七叶树、光叶七叶树、黄花七叶树、欧洲七叶树等在浙江桐庐开展引种栽培试验。连续4a 的引种试验表明, 较之于浙江七叶树, 北美产七叶树早期生长较慢, 树高生长期较短。在引种的4种北美产七叶树中, 黄花七叶树、红花七叶树和光叶七叶树生长表现较好, 虽然在苗期和1~ 2年生时的叶和芽在夏季比渐江七叶树更易受高温灼伤, 但随着树龄的增大, 抗灼伤等适应能力增强, 年生长量不断增加; 而欧洲七叶树易受冻害, 生长不良, 不宜引种。观察发现, 红花七叶树和光叶七叶树分别在1年生和3年生时就始花始果, 黄花七叶树营养生长最旺, 生长速度不亚于浙江七叶树。七叶树种子适时采收, 并利用具有自动喷雾设施的温室大棚沙藏, 可使七叶树失活和腐烂种子的比率低于10%。在气温较低的冬季采用小包装方式进行长途运输可保证七叶树种子的质量。通过种子沙藏催芽和切根移床可促进根系发达和苗木生长。在苗期, 夏季高温期间宜用50%透光度遮阳网遮阳。圃地培育大苗要求控制定植密度, 施足基肥, 加强水肥管理, 以利苗木生长。

对长期贮藏在室温、避光条件下的茶油进行酸值和过氧化值测定。结果表明,茶油经过长期贮藏后,其酸值和过氧化值均有所增加,贮藏时间越长,增长速度越快,品质越容易劣变;在相同贮藏条件下,对于浸出成品茶油来说,精炼程度越高,越容易氧化酸败;对于不同工艺的茶油来说,浸出成品茶油比压榨成品茶油更容易氧化酸败。贮藏时间对不同质量等级茶油的酸值和过氧化值影响不同。

对20种不同来源、不同榨取方式(液压和螺旋榨)的油茶饼含油率和含水量进行了分析,并从中选取浙江淳安、广西岺溪、贵州黎平、江西平江四地的油茶饼进行常温和冷藏条件的贮藏试验。研究结果表明: 20种油茶饼的平均含油率为7. 62%, 平均含水量为12. 13%; 2种榨取方式含水量差异显著( p 2。

Total contents and components of escin were studied in seeds of Aesculus chinensis, A. chinensis var. chekiangensis and A. wilsonii collected from 8 origins. Results showed that total escin content ranged from 71.43 mg·g to 112.69 mg·g,with the highest in origin of Mabian, Sichuan Province and the lowest in origin of Kangxian, Gansu Province. It was suggested that escin content was correlated with geological zone to a certain extent. A.wilsonii was richer than that of Aesculus chinensis in escin content.The proportion of 4 types of escin varied dramatically among different origins. Component A in Mabian and Cangwang origin from Sichuan Province, Kangxian origin from Gansu Province, Mianxian origin from Shanxi Province and Xixia origin from Henan Province reached 35%～41% of total escin that was much higher than that of other components, while components D was below 15% that was only 1/3 of component A. Sum of Component A and C was nearly equal in Enshi, Hubei Province and Sangzhi, Hunan Province origins, which accounted for 58% of the total content. Lin'an origins from Zhejiang Province only got (17.17%) of component A while holding much higher proportion of component D. Statistical analysis also approved that the proportion of escin was correlated to geological zone.

Established method by reverse phase HPLC and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analysis and hazelnut extract trace of taxol. Through the research, seven mass spectrum characteristics of taxol compounds were contested, and the taxanes database was initially established. It was found that the paciltaxel contents were 23.65 μg·mL-1 and 4.09 μg·mL-1 in leaves and stems respectively. The paciltaxel contents in different parts of hazelnut was slightly different, which were 0.61, 0.23 and 0.35 μg·mL-1 in hazel branch, leaf and leather. With these data it can quickly identify the known paclitaxel compounds in hazelnut extract, and can perform the unknown structure analysis to certain degrees. This analysis method is confirmed sensitive, reliable and fast.

研究施肥对25年生油茶生长和结实特性的影响结果表明:复合肥和有机肥(腐熟鸡粪)混合施用对油茶生长和结实量有明显的影响,其中处理3 (冬季施用有机肥5 kg·株-1 ,夏季施用复合肥0. 5 kg·株-1 )对油茶冠幅乘积、春梢长度、直径、产量都有显著的提高;施肥对出籽率、含水率影响不大,但施用有机肥对出油率有显著的影响。

通过油茶籽主要理化性质和营养成分的分析，研究了油茶籽成熟过程中油脂转化及营养物质的变化规律。结果表明：在油茶籽成熟过程中，鲜籽含水率持续下降，鲜出籽率变化不大，鲜籽出仁率小幅上升，干出籽率和含油率不断上升。油茶籽油中的酸值和过氧化值总体呈下降趋势。在油茶籽成熟过程中，油酸相对含量整体呈上升趋势，亚油酸和亚麻酸相对含量都呈下降趋势，与油酸含量呈极显著负相关（p≤0.01），相关系数r分别为-0.978和-0.957。油茶籽成熟过程中，油脂积累和可溶性总糖含量的变化呈负相关（r=-0.289），与可溶性淀粉（r=0.836）和可溶性蛋白（r=0.703）含量变化均呈显著正相关。α-生育酚含量变化基本上是先增加，在9月28日达到最大值0.153 mg·g-1后基本维持稳定，角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇含量随着油茶籽的成熟先增加后下降。

The components of essential oil and fat in different parts of Chinese spicehush (Lindera communis) were extracted and analyzed. By comparing the essential components, it was found that the essential oil content in different parts of the tree was peel > fruit > twig> branch > leaf > kernel, and the highest content was up to 8.0 mL·kg-1 in peel. The glaucic acid, 1H-Cycloprop [e] azulene, decahydro-1, 1, 7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1aR-(1a.α., 4a. α., 7.α., 7a.β), 7b.α.)] and caryophyllene oxide were the major components of the essential oils. The oil contents of the fruit, peel and kernel were 45.2%, 39.1% and 60.4% respectively. The main fatty acid compositions of the fruit were lauric acid (44.77%), decanoic acid (12.92%), oleic acid (10.91%), 11-oleic acid (9.84%), palmitic acid (6.91%), and linoleic acid (5.12%). The unsaturated fatty acid content in the peel is higher, and the total content of 11-oleic acid (28.06%), oleic acid (27.02%), linoleic acid (13.50%), palmitoleic acid (7.84%) is 76.42%. Lauric acid (72.07%) and decanoic acid (21.13%) were the two main fatty acid compositions in kernels, which were accounted for 93.20% of total fatty acids. After the oil was extracted, the protein was richer in kernel cake than in other samples, and the content was 41.56 g·100 g-1. In this paper, the main oils from L. communis were analyzed, and the results could be used to lay a basis for the comprehensive utilization of L. communis.